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China's Earliest Emperors

The Three Sage Kings of ancient China were Suiren, Fuxi and Shennong. They made personal sacrifices to improve the lives of the people. Today they are remembered for the many unique contributions to the Chinese people and mankind in general.

Suiren was best remembered for discovering how to make fire by drilling wood. It allowed mankind to eat cooked food, and use fire to keep warm during the colder months and to ward off wild animals.

Fuxi taught people to domesticate animals and make nets to catch fish, birds and wild animals, ensuring a continuous supply of food. He also laid down marriage laws and invented a 35 string musical instrument. However most important of all, he create the Eight Trigram or Bagua which became the basis of the I Ching or Books of Changes.

Shennong, also known as Yandi, invented the ancient rake, spade, plough and sickle and taught people to grow five types of cereals, rice, two types of millet, wheat and beans. He also invented barter trade and further modified Fuxi's 35 strings musical instrument into a 5 strings one.

Most people remember Shennong for his relentless effort to find remedies for illness by tasting hundreds of wild berries. Eventually one of these berries took his life.

The emperors after Shennong were Huangdi, Zhuanxu, Diku, Yao and Shun and they are collectively known as the Five Legendary Rulers.

Huangdi had strong management skills. He knows how to select the right people and motivate them to rule the country and to come out with innovations that benefit the people. Many great achievements were attributed to him.

With the help of his many talented subjects, Huangdi developed a written language for the Chinese people. He also commissioned the compilation of The Yellow Emperor's Medicine Classic which became the foundation of Chinese Medicine today. Finally we also developed a Farmer's or Chinese Solar Calendar.

Huangdi was a peaceful man who did not like war. During his rule, his people enjoyed peace, stability and prosperity and it ushered in an age of civilization for the Chinese people.

Zhuanzu was not Huangdi's son but he was chosen over Huangdi's other son because of his ability. He is best remembered for bring law and order to his people and for concentrating power within the central authority.

Like his great grandfather, Diku who succeeded Zhuanxu, was a benevolent king who took care of the interest of his people. To better manage the growing population, he created additional ministry with properly demarcated duties such as the Ministry of Land, Water, Metal Ores, Fire and Forestry. He conducted personal visits to ensure that that the country was well run.

Diku's son Yao succeeded him. Like his father he was benevolent and industrious. He made some major changes to the calendar and altered the timing of planting that greatly increase the yield.

Shun was a young boy when his mother died. Despite ill treatment by his step mother and father, he remained filial to them. This is a virtue revered by the Chinese and it made his quite famous. When Yao heard about this he summoned Shun to his service. He was just 30 years old. Eventually Shun became Yao's son in law when he married King Yao's daughter.

During Shun reign, he divided the country into 12 independent states each with their own administrator. He made further changes to the department of land, water, works, music, farming and rites. He was credited with drafting many rules and regulations including the five rules of etiquette.

After Shun comes Yu. Yu founded the Xia Dynasty and he was credited for his ability to control the floods. More on Yu in future articles.

Hidden Meanings in Chinese Art